Updating Playback Device Configuration Information Based on Calibration Data

ABSTRACT

An example computing device is configured to perform functions including receiving calibration data corresponding respectively to a plurality of playback devices, where each playback device in the plurality of playback devices is located in a respective playback environment other than a first playback environment. The functions also include receiving playback device characteristic data respectively indicating at least one playback device characteristic for each playback device of the plurality of playback devices. The functions also include, based on at least the calibration data and the playback device characteristic data, determining updated playback device configuration information and transmitting data indicating the updated playback device configuration information to a given playback device located in the first environment.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/135,293 filed Dec. 28, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/555,846 filed Aug. 29, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/859,311 filed Dec. 29, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/088,994 filed Apr. 1, 2016, the disclosures of which are explicitly incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. The present application also incorporates by reference U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/481,505, filed on Sep. 9, 2014, for “Audio Processing Algorithms;” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/481,511, filed on Sep. 9, 2014, for “Playback Device Calibration;” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/805,140, filed on Jul. 21, 2015, for “Hybrid Test Tone for Space-Averaged Room Audio Calibration Using a Moving Microphone;” and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,004, filed on Apr. 1, 2016, for “Playback Device Calibration Based on Representative Spectral Characteristics.”

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The disclosure is related to consumer goods and, more particularly, to methods, systems, products, features, services, and other elements directed to media playback or some aspect thereof.

BACKGROUND

Options for accessing and listening to digital audio in an out-loud setting were limited until in 2003, when SONOS, Inc. filed for one of its first patent applications, entitled “Method for Synchronizing Audio Playback between Multiple Networked Devices,” and began offering a media playback system for sale in 2005. The Sonos Wireless HiFi System enables people to experience music from many sources via one or more networked playback devices. Through a software control application installed on a smartphone, tablet, or computer, one can play what he or she wants in any room that has a networked playback device. Additionally, using the controller, for example, different songs can be streamed to each room with a playback device, rooms can be grouped together for synchronous playback, or the same song can be heard in all rooms synchronously.

Given the ever growing interest in digital media, there continues to be a need to develop consumer-accessible technologies to further enhance the listening experience.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Features, aspects, and advantages of the presently disclosed technology may be better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings where:

FIG. 1 shows an example media playback system configuration in which certain embodiments may be practiced;

FIG. 2 shows a functional block diagram of an example playback device;

FIG. 3 shows a functional block diagram of an example control device;

FIG. 4 shows an example controller interface;

FIG. 5 shows an example flow diagram for calibrating a particular playback device;

FIG. 6 shows an example playback environment within which a playback device may be calibrated;

FIG. 7 shows an example computing device in communication with an example plurality of playback devices; and

FIG. 8 shows an example flow diagram for calibrating a playback device.

The drawings are for the purpose of illustrating example embodiments, but it is understood that the inventions are not limited to the arrangements and instrumentality shown in the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION I. Overview

Examples described herein involve updating playback device configuration information based on data collected from playback device calibrations that have been performed. The updated configuration information may result in improved calibrations and sound quality in a given playback device, or perhaps across many playback devices. Other benefits are also possible.

For instance, calibration data may be aggregated by a computing device, such as a server, from the individual calibrations of a plurality of different playback devices located in different respective playback environments. The plurality of playback devices may be numerous, including hundreds of thousands or perhaps even millions of playback devices across the world.

The calibration data received by the computing device may include data associated with the calibration events of each playback device in the plurality of playback devices, such as the date and time of the calibration, the make and model of the calibrated playback device, and/or the target frequency response curve used in the calibration, among other things. The target frequency response curve for a given playback device may correspond to a frequency response that is considered a good-sounding, or pleasing to a typical listener. Thus, each calibration may aim to adjust the equalization settings of the given playback device to meet the target frequency response curve.

The computing device may receive and store the calibration data over time, as more playback devices are calibrated and recalibrated. Additionally, the computing device may receive playback device characteristic information from the plurality of playback devices. This may include information that is not necessarily related to a given calibration event, such as data regarding manual adjustments to a playback devices equalization (EQ) settings made by a user either before or after a calibration event. Other playback device characteristics may include data corresponding to associated user accounts (e.g., geography, age, gender, etc.) or playback history of the playback device and associated data (e.g., listening duration, audio quality, genres, favorites, media sources, etc.). Other possibilities also exist.

After receiving the data discussed above from the plurality of playback devices, the computing device may analyze the received calibration data in conjunction with the received playback device characteristic data to determine what correlations may exist within the data. This may present opportunities for the computing device to take actions based on the data that may improve future calibrations or otherwise improve the overall listening experience among the plurality of playback devices.

For instance, the computing device may determine from the data that a significant number of playback devices sharing one or more of the same playback device characteristics would likely benefit from the same update to the configuration information of the playback device. As one example, the data may indicate that, among a plurality of playback devices of the same model, a similar manual EQ adjustment was frequently performed following a calibration to the target frequency response curve. This may indicate that, for that model of playback device, the target frequency response curve may be improved.

Accordingly, the computing device may determine updated configuration information, including an updated target frequency response curve that incorporates the identified EQ adjustment. The computing device may then then transmit the updated configuration information to the plurality of playback devices of that particular model. Each playback device may then use the updated target frequency response in a new calibration, resulting in an improved listening experience. In this way, some configuration updates may be crowd-sourced by identifying trends among calibration data and user behaviors across a large number of playback devices.

Additionally, the computing device may also use the plurality of playback devices to implement comparative testing of proposed configurations, such as a proposed target frequency response curve. For instance, the computing device may transmit two different target frequency response curves to two different populations of playback devices. The playback devices within each population may then be calibrated according to their respective response curve. The computing device may then receive calibration data and playback device characteristic data, including user behaviors that may indicate a level of satisfaction with each target frequency response curve. For instance, one response curve may lead to increased listening frequency and listening duration by users of the first population of playback devices. On the other hand the other response curve may lead to frequent recalibrations and manual EQ adjustments by users in the second population.

In some examples, the computing device may solicit feedback from users of the playback devices within each population, inquiring directly whether a new calibration is satisfying and/or an improvement over a previous calibration. Alternatively, the computing device may transmit both target frequency response curves to be tested to each playback device in the plurality of playback device. The users of each playback device may be presented with audio content played back according to a calibration resulting from the first response curve, and then according to a calibration resulting from the second response curve. The user may then indicate which calibration is preferred, via a control device, for example, and this data may be transmitted to the computing device.

In addition, the computing device may develop new categorizations within the plurality of playback devices for which particular calibration changes may be implemented. In some embodiments, a target frequency response curve may be applied based on trends drawn from the aggregated calibration and characteristic data, rather than being based on the model of the playback device, for instance. As one example, the computing device may determine that playback devices having a playback history and/or music sources indicating a preference for a particular genre of music tend to be similarly adjusted according toward a given EQ. Thus, the computing device may determine a target frequency response curve that corresponds to the given EQ, and may transmit it to playback devices associated with the same genre preference. Other examples are also possible.

The collection, storage, and transmission of data and information discussed may be carried out by a server communicating with a relatively large number of playback devices, as noted above. However, the same actions may be carried out within a single playback system, by one or more of the playback devices and control devices of the individual system, either temporarily or for an extended period of time. For example, calibration data may be aggregated for all playback device calibrations within a single playback system, and may be stored among one or more of the playback devices or other devices within the playback system. The aggregated calibration data may then be analyzed or transmitted to another computing device in communication with multiple playback systems. Other examples are also possible.

Additionally, the transmission of data and information are generally discussed as transmissions between the computing device and one or more playback devices. It should be understood that transmissions may also involve one or more other, intermediate playback devices and/or control devices which may relay the data and information from one device to another.

As indicated above, the examples involve updating playback device configuration information based on data collected from playback device calibrations that have been performed. In one aspect, a computing device is provided. The device includes a processor, a non-transitory computer readable medium, and program instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium that, when executed by the processor, cause the computing device to perform functions. The functions include transmitting playback device configuration information to a given playback device and receiving calibration data corresponding to each playback device of a plurality of playback devices. The functions also include receiving playback device characteristic data indicating at least one playback device characteristic for each playback device of the plurality of playback devices. The functions also include, based on at least the received calibration data and the received playback device characteristic data, determining updated playback device configuration information; and transmitting data indicating the updated playback device configuration information to the given playback device.

In another aspect, a method is provided. The method involves transmitting, by at least one computing device, playback device configuration information to a given playback device and receiving, by the at least one computing device, calibration data corresponding to each playback device of a plurality of playback devices. The method also involves receiving, by the at least one computing device, playback device characteristic data indicating at least one playback device characteristic for each playback device of the plurality of playback devices. The method also involves, based on at least the received calibration data and the received playback device characteristic data, determining updated playback device configuration information. The method also involves transmitting data indicating the updated playback device configuration information to the given playback device.

In yet another aspect, a playback device is provided. The device includes a processor, a microphone, a non-transitory computer readable medium, and program instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium that, when executed by the processor, cause the playback device to perform functions. The functions include determining configuration information for the playback device and transmitting calibration data to a computing device, where the calibration data comprises data indicating the configuration information. The functions also include transmitting data to the computing device indicating at least one playback device characteristic for the playback device. The functions also include receiving, from the computing device, data indicating updated configuration information and applying the updated configuration information when playing back audio content.

It will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that this disclosure includes numerous other embodiments. It will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that this disclosure includes numerous other examples. While some examples described herein may refer to functions performed by given actors such as “users” and/or other entities, it should be understood that this description is for purposes of explanation only. The claims should not be interpreted to require action by any such example actor unless explicitly required by the language of the claims themselves.

While some examples described herein may refer to functions performed by given actors such as “users” and/or other entities, it should be understood that this is for purposes of explanation only. The claims should not be interpreted to require action by any such example actor unless explicitly required by the language of the claims themselves.

II. Example Operating Environment

FIG. 1 shows an example configuration of a media playback system 100 in which one or more embodiments disclosed herein may be practiced or implemented. The media playback system 100 as shown is associated with an example home environment having several rooms and spaces, such as for example, a master bedroom, an office, a dining room, and a living room. As shown in the example of FIG. 1, the media playback system 100 includes playback devices 102-124, control devices 126 and 128, and a wired or wireless network router 130.

Further discussions relating to the different components of the example media playback system 100 and how the different components may interact to provide a user with a media experience may be found in the following sections. While discussions herein may generally refer to the example media playback system 100, technologies described herein are not limited to applications within, among other things, the home environment as shown in FIG. 1. For instance, the technologies described herein may be useful in environments where multi-zone audio may be desired, such as, for example, a commercial setting like a restaurant, mall or airport, a vehicle like a sports utility vehicle (SUV), bus or car, a ship or boat, an airplane, and so on.

a. Example Playback Devices

FIG. 2 shows a functional block diagram of an example playback device 200 that may be configured to be one or more of the playback devices 102-124 of the media playback system 100 of FIG. 1. The playback device 200 may include a processor 202, software components 204, memory 206, audio processing components 208, audio amplifier(s) 210, speaker(s) 212, and a network interface 214 including wireless interface(s) 216 and wired interface(s) 218. In one case, the playback device 200 may not include the speaker(s) 212, but rather a speaker interface for connecting the playback device 200 to external speakers. In another case, the playback device 200 may include neither the speaker(s) 212 nor the audio amplifier(s) 210, but rather an audio interface for connecting the playback device 200 to an external audio amplifier or audio-visual receiver.

In one example, the processor 202 may be a clock-driven computing component configured to process input data according to instructions stored in the memory 206. The memory 206 may be a tangible computer-readable medium configured to store instructions executable by the processor 202. For instance, the memory 206 may be data storage that can be loaded with one or more of the software components 204 executable by the processor 202 to achieve certain functions. In one example, the functions may involve the playback device 200 retrieving audio data from an audio source or another playback device. In another example, the functions may involve the playback device 200 sending audio data to another device or playback device on a network. In yet another example, the functions may involve pairing of the playback device 200 with one or more playback devices to create a multi-channel audio environment.

Certain functions may involve the playback device 200 synchronizing playback of audio content with one or more other playback devices. During synchronous playback, a listener will preferably not be able to perceive time-delay differences between playback of the audio content by the playback device 200 and the one or more other playback devices. U.S. Pat. No. 8,234,395 entitled, “System and method for synchronizing operations among a plurality of independently clocked digital data processing devices,” which is hereby incorporated by reference, provides in more detail some examples for audio playback synchronization among playback devices.

The memory 206 may further be configured to store data associated with the playback device 200, such as one or more zones and/or zone groups the playback device 200 is a part of, audio sources accessible by the playback device 200, or a playback queue that the playback device 200 (or some other playback device) may be associated with. The data may be stored as one or more state variables that are periodically updated and used to describe the state of the playback device 200. The memory 206 may also include the data associated with the state of the other devices of the media system, and shared from time to time among the devices so that one or more of the devices have the most recent data associated with the system. Other embodiments are also possible.

The audio processing components 208 may include one or more digital-to-analog converters (DAC), an audio preprocessing component, an audio enhancement component or a digital signal processor (DSP), and so on. In one embodiment, one or more of the audio processing components 208 may be a subcomponent of the processor 202. In one example, audio content may be processed and/or intentionally altered by the audio processing components 208 to produce audio signals. The produced audio signals may then be provided to the audio amplifier(s) 210 for amplification and playback through speaker(s) 212. Particularly, the audio amplifier(s) 210 may include devices configured to amplify audio signals to a level for driving one or more of the speakers 212. The speaker(s) 212 may include an individual transducer (e.g., a “driver”) or a complete speaker system involving an enclosure with one or more drivers. A particular driver of the speaker(s) 212 may include, for example, a subwoofer (e.g., for low frequencies), a mid-range driver (e.g., for middle frequencies), and/or a tweeter (e.g., for high frequencies). In some cases, each transducer in the one or more speakers 212 may be driven by an individual corresponding audio amplifier of the audio amplifier(s) 210. In addition to producing analog signals for playback by the playback device 200, the audio processing components 208 may be configured to process audio content to be sent to one or more other playback devices for playback.

Audio content to be processed and/or played back by the playback device 200 may be received from an external source, such as via an audio line-in input connection (e.g., an auto-detecting 3.5 mm audio line-in connection) or the network interface 214.

The network interface 214 may be configured to facilitate a data flow between the playback device 200 and one or more other devices on a data network. As such, the playback device 200 may be configured to receive audio content over the data network from one or more other playback devices in communication with the playback device 200, network devices within a local area network, or audio content sources over a wide area network such as the Internet. In one example, the audio content and other signals transmitted and received by the playback device 200 may be transmitted in the form of digital packet data containing an Internet Protocol (IP)-based source address and IP-based destination addresses. In such a case, the network interface 214 may be configured to parse the digital packet data such that the data destined for the playback device 200 is properly received and processed by the playback device 200.

As shown, the network interface 214 may include wireless interface(s) 216 and wired interface(s) 218. The wireless interface(s) 216 may provide network interface functions for the playback device 200 to wirelessly communicate with other devices (e.g., other playback device(s), speaker(s), receiver(s), network device(s), control device(s) within a data network the playback device 200 is associated with) in accordance with a communication protocol (e.g., any wireless standard including IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.15, 4G mobile communication standard, and so on). The wired interface(s) 218 may provide network interface functions for the playback device 200 to communicate over a wired connection with other devices in accordance with a communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.3). While the network interface 214 shown in FIG. 2 includes both wireless interface(s) 216 and wired interface(s) 218, the network interface 214 may in some embodiments include only wireless interface(s) or only wired interface(s).

The playback device 200 may also include one or more microphones 220. The microphone(s) 220 may be used to detect audio data in proximity to the playback device 200, such as voice commands for controlling the playback device 200. Further, the microphone(s) 220 may be used to capture and record audio playback data from the playback device 200, or from one or more other playback devices in proximity to the playback device 200, during a calibration procedure. Other examples and other uses for the microphone(s) 220 are also possible.

In one example, the playback device 200 and one other playback device may be paired to play two separate audio components of audio content. For instance, playback device 200 may be configured to play a left channel audio component, while the other playback device may be configured to play a right channel audio component, thereby producing or enhancing a stereo effect of the audio content. The paired playback devices (also referred to as “bonded playback devices”) may further play audio content in synchrony with other playback devices.

In another example, the playback device 200 may be sonically consolidated with one or more other playback devices to form a single, consolidated playback device. A consolidated playback device may be configured to process and reproduce sound differently than an unconsolidated playback device or playback devices that are paired, because a consolidated playback device may have additional speaker drivers through which audio content may be rendered. For instance, if the playback device 200 is a playback device designed to render low frequency range audio content (i.e. a subwoofer), the playback device 200 may be consolidated with a playback device designed to render full frequency range audio content. In such a case, the full frequency range playback device, when consolidated with the low frequency playback device 200, may be configured to render only the mid and high frequency components of audio content, while the low frequency range playback device 200 renders the low frequency component of the audio content. The consolidated playback device may further be paired with a single playback device or yet another consolidated playback device.

By way of illustration, SONOS, Inc. presently offers (or has offered) for sale certain playback devices including a “PLAY:1,” “PLAY:3,” “PLAY:5,” “PLAYBAR,” “CONNECT:AMP,” “CONNECT,” and “SUB.” Any other past, present, and/or future playback devices may additionally or alternatively be used to implement the playback devices of example embodiments disclosed herein. Additionally, it is understood that a playback device is not limited to the example illustrated in FIG. 2 or to the SONOS product offerings. For example, a playback device may include a wired or wireless headphone. In another example, a playback device may include or interact with a docking station for personal mobile media playback devices. In yet another example, a playback device may be integral to another device or component such as a television, a lighting fixture, or some other device for indoor or outdoor use.

b. Example Playback Zone Configurations

Referring back to the media playback system 100 of FIG. 1, the environment may have one or more playback zones, each with one or more playback devices. The media playback system 100 may be established with one or more playback zones, after which one or more zones may be added, or removed to arrive at the example configuration shown in FIG. 1. Each zone may be given a name according to a different room or space such as an office, bathroom, master bedroom, bedroom, kitchen, dining room, living room, and/or balcony. In one case, a single playback zone may include multiple rooms or spaces. In another case, a single room or space may include multiple playback zones.

As shown in FIG. 1, the balcony, dining room, kitchen, bathroom, office, and bedroom zones each have one playback device, while the living room and master bedroom zones each have multiple playback devices. In the living room zone, playback devices 104, 106, 108, and 110 may be configured to play audio content in synchrony as individual playback devices, as one or more bonded playback devices, as one or more consolidated playback devices, or any combination thereof. Similarly, in the case of the master bedroom, playback devices 122 and 124 may be configured to play audio content in synchrony as individual playback devices, as a bonded playback device, or as a consolidated playback device.

In one example, one or more playback zones in the environment of FIG. 1 may each be playing different audio content. For instance, the user may be grilling in the balcony zone and listening to hip hop music being played by the playback device 102 while another user may be preparing food in the kitchen zone and listening to classical music being played by the playback device 114. In another example, a playback zone may play the same audio content in synchrony with another playback zone. For instance, the user may be in the office zone where the playback device 118 is playing the same rock music that is being playing by playback device 102 in the balcony zone. In such a case, playback devices 102 and 118 may be playing the rock music in synchrony such that the user may seamlessly (or at least substantially seamlessly) enjoy the audio content that is being played out-loud while moving between different playback zones. Synchronization among playback zones may be achieved in a manner similar to that of synchronization among playback devices, as described in previously referenced U.S. Pat. No. 8,234,395.

As suggested above, the zone configurations of the media playback system 100 may be dynamically modified, and in some embodiments, the media playback system 100 supports numerous configurations. For instance, if a user physically moves one or more playback devices to or from a zone, the media playback system 100 may be reconfigured to accommodate the change(s). For instance, if the user physically moves the playback device 102 from the balcony zone to the office zone, the office zone may now include both the playback device 118 and the playback device 102. The playback device 102 may be paired or grouped with the office zone and/or renamed if so desired via a control device such as the control devices 126 and 128. On the other hand, if the one or more playback devices are moved to a particular area in the home environment that is not already a playback zone, a new playback zone may be created for the particular area.

Further, different playback zones of the media playback system 100 may be dynamically combined into zone groups or split up into individual playback zones. For instance, the dining room zone and the kitchen zone 114 may be combined into a zone group for a dinner party such that playback devices 112 and 114 may render audio content in synchrony. On the other hand, the living room zone may be split into a television zone including playback device 104, and a listening zone including playback devices 106, 108, and 110, if the user wishes to listen to music in the living room space while another user wishes to watch television.

c. Example Control Devices

FIG. 3 shows a functional block diagram of an example control device 300 that may be configured to be one or both of the control devices 126 and 128 of the media playback system 100. As shown, the control device 300 may include a processor 302, memory 304, a network interface 306, and a user interface 308. In one example, the control device 300 may be a dedicated controller for the media playback system 100. In another example, the control device 300 may be a network device on which media playback system controller application software may be installed, such as for example, an iPhone™, iPad™ or any other smart phone, tablet or network device (e.g., a networked computer such as a PC or Mac™).

The processor 302 may be configured to perform functions relevant to facilitating user access, control, and configuration of the media playback system 100. The memory 304 may be configured to store instructions executable by the processor 302 to perform those functions. The memory 304 may also be configured to store the media playback system controller application software and other data associated with the media playback system 100 and the user.

In one example, the network interface 306 may be based on an industry standard (e.g., infrared, radio, wired standards including IEEE 802.3, wireless standards including IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.15, 4G mobile communication standard, and so on). The network interface 306 may provide a means for the control device 300 to communicate with other devices in the media playback system 100. In one example, data and information (e.g., such as a state variable) may be communicated between control device 300 and other devices via the network interface 306. For instance, playback zone and zone group configurations in the media playback system 100 may be received by the control device 300 from a playback device or another network device, or transmitted by the control device 300 to another playback device or network device via the network interface 306. In some cases, the other network device may be another control device.

Playback device control commands such as volume control and audio playback control may also be communicated from the control device 300 to a playback device via the network interface 306. As suggested above, changes to configurations of the media playback system 100 may also be performed by a user using the control device 300. The configuration changes may include adding/removing one or more playback devices to/from a zone, adding/removing one or more zones to/from a zone group, forming a bonded or consolidated player, separating one or more playback devices from a bonded or consolidated player, among others. Accordingly, the control device 300 may sometimes be referred to as a controller, whether the control device 300 is a dedicated controller or a network device on which media playback system controller application software is installed.

The control device 300 may also include one or more microphones 310. The microphone(s) 310 may be used to detect audio data in proximity to the control device 300, such as voice commands for controlling the control device 300. Further, the microphone(s) 310 may be used to capture and record audio playback data from a playback device, such as the playback device 200 shown in FIG. 2, during a calibration procedure of a playback device 200. Other examples and other uses for the microphone(s) 310 are also possible.

The user interface 308 of the control device 300 may be configured to facilitate user access and control of the media playback system 100, by providing a controller interface such as the controller interface 400 shown in FIG. 4. The controller interface 400 includes a playback control region 410, a playback zone region 420, a playback status region 430, a playback queue region 440, and an audio content sources region 450. The user interface 400 as shown is just one example of a user interface that may be provided on a network device such as the control device 300 of FIG. 3 (and/or the control devices 126 and 128 of FIG. 1) and accessed by users to control a media playback system such as the media playback system 100. Other user interfaces of varying formats, styles, and interactive sequences may alternatively be implemented on one or more network devices to provide comparable control access to a media playback system.

The playback control region 410 may include selectable (e.g., by way of touch or by using a cursor) icons to cause playback devices in a selected playback zone or zone group to play or pause, fast forward, rewind, skip to next, skip to previous, enter/exit shuffle mode, enter/exit repeat mode, enter/exit cross fade mode. The playback control region 410 may also include selectable icons to modify equalization settings, and playback volume, among other possibilities.

The playback zone region 420 may include representations of playback zones within the media playback system 100. In some embodiments, the graphical representations of playback zones may be selectable to bring up additional selectable icons to manage or configure the playback zones in the media playback system, such as a creation of bonded zones, creation of zone groups, separation of zone groups, and renaming of zone groups, among other possibilities.

For example, as shown, a “group” icon may be provided within each of the graphical representations of playback zones. The “group” icon provided within a graphical representation of a particular zone may be selectable to bring up options to select one or more other zones in the media playback system to be grouped with the particular zone. Once grouped, playback devices in the zones that have been grouped with the particular zone will be configured to play audio content in synchrony with the playback device(s) in the particular zone. Analogously, a “group” icon may be provided within a graphical representation of a zone group. In this case, the “group” icon may be selectable to bring up options to deselect one or more zones in the zone group to be removed from the zone group. Other interactions and implementations for grouping and ungrouping zones via a user interface such as the user interface 400 are also possible. The representations of playback zones in the playback zone region 420 may be dynamically updated as playback zone or zone group configurations are modified.

The playback status region 430 may include graphical representations of audio content that is presently being played, previously played, or scheduled to play next in the selected playback zone or zone group. The selected playback zone or zone group may be visually distinguished on the user interface, such as within the playback zone region 420 and/or the playback status region 430. The graphical representations may include track title, artist name, album name, album year, track length, and other relevant information that may be useful for the user to know when controlling the media playback system via the user interface 400.

The playback queue region 440 may include graphical representations of audio content in a playback queue associated with the selected playback zone or zone group. In some embodiments, each playback zone or zone group may be associated with a playback queue containing information corresponding to zero or more audio items for playback by the playback zone or zone group. For instance, each audio item in the playback queue may comprise a uniform resource identifier (URI), a uniform resource locator (URL) or some other identifier that may be used by a playback device in the playback zone or zone group to find and/or retrieve the audio item from a local audio content source or a networked audio content source, possibly for playback by the playback device.

In one example, a playlist may be added to a playback queue, in which case information corresponding to each audio item in the playlist may be added to the playback queue. In another example, audio items in a playback queue may be saved as a playlist. In a further example, a playback queue may be empty, or populated but “not in use” when the playback zone or zone group is playing continuously streaming audio content, such as Internet radio that may continue to play until otherwise stopped, rather than discrete audio items that have playback durations. In an alternative embodiment, a playback queue can include Internet radio and/or other streaming audio content items and be “in use” when the playback zone or zone group is playing those items. Other examples are also possible.

When playback zones or zone groups are “grouped” or “ungrouped,” playback queues associated with the affected playback zones or zone groups may be cleared or re-associated. For example, if a first playback zone including a first playback queue is grouped with a second playback zone including a second playback queue, the established zone group may have an associated playback queue that is initially empty, that contains audio items from the first playback queue (such as if the second playback zone was added to the first playback zone), that contains audio items from the second playback queue (such as if the first playback zone was added to the second playback zone), or a combination of audio items from both the first and second playback queues. Subsequently, if the established zone group is ungrouped, the resulting first playback zone may be re-associated with the previous first playback queue, or be associated with a new playback queue that is empty or contains audio items from the playback queue associated with the established zone group before the established zone group was ungrouped. Similarly, the resulting second playback zone may be re-associated with the previous second playback queue, or be associated with a new playback queue that is empty, or contains audio items from the playback queue associated with the established zone group before the established zone group was ungrouped. Other examples are also possible.

Referring back to the user interface 400 of FIG. 4, the graphical representations of audio content in the playback queue region 440 may include track titles, artist names, track lengths, and other relevant information associated with the audio content in the playback queue. In one example, graphical representations of audio content may be selectable to bring up additional selectable icons to manage and/or manipulate the playback queue and/or audio content represented in the playback queue. For instance, a represented audio content may be removed from the playback queue, moved to a different position within the playback queue, or selected to be played immediately, or after any currently playing audio content, among other possibilities. A playback queue associated with a playback zone or zone group may be stored in a memory on one or more playback devices in the playback zone or zone group, on a playback device that is not in the playback zone or zone group, and/or some other designated device.

The audio content sources region 450 may include graphical representations of selectable audio content sources from which audio content may be retrieved and played by the selected playback zone or zone group. Discussions pertaining to audio content sources may be found in the following section.

d. Example Audio Content Sources

As indicated previously, one or more playback devices in a zone or zone group may be configured to retrieve for playback audio content (e.g. according to a corresponding URI or URL for the audio content) from a variety of available audio content sources. In one example, audio content may be retrieved by a playback device directly from a corresponding audio content source (e.g., a line-in connection). In another example, audio content may be provided to a playback device over a network via one or more other playback devices or network devices.

Example audio content sources may include a memory of one or more playback devices in a media playback system such as the media playback system 100 of FIG. 1, local music libraries on one or more network devices (such as a control device, a network-enabled personal computer, or a networked-attached storage (NAS), for example), streaming audio services providing audio content via the Internet (e.g., the cloud), or audio sources connected to the media playback system via a line-in input connection on a playback device or network devise, among other possibilities.

In some embodiments, audio content sources may be regularly added or removed from a media playback system such as the media playback system 100 of FIG. 1. In one example, an indexing of audio items may be performed whenever one or more audio content sources are added, removed or updated. Indexing of audio items may involve scanning for identifiable audio items in all folders/directory shared over a network accessible by playback devices in the media playback system, and generating or updating an audio content database containing metadata (e.g., title, artist, album, track length, among others) and other associated information, such as a URI or URL for each identifiable audio item found. Other examples for managing and maintaining audio content sources may also be possible.

The above discussions relating to playback devices, controller devices, playback zone configurations, and media content sources provide only some examples of operating environments within which functions and methods described below may be implemented. Other operating environments and configurations of media playback systems, playback devices, and network devices not explicitly described herein may also be applicable and suitable for implementation of the functions and methods.

III. Playback Device Calibration

As further discussed in the related application Ser. Nos. 14/481,505, 14/481,511, and 14/805,140, which are incorporated herein by reference, an example calibration of a playback device in a playback environment may generally involve the playback device playing back a first audio signal, which is detected and recorded by a microphone as a second audio signal. For instance, the playback device may be the playback device 200 shown in FIG. 2, and the microphone 310 may be part of a control device 300, such as a smartphone. In other examples, the microphone may be the microphone 220 of the playback device 200, or of another playback device, among other possibilities.

The first audio signal may be a test or calibration tone having a particular spectral profile. Different test tones may be stored and used based on the particular configuration of the playback device 200, an anticipated genre of music to be played, the particular characteristics of the playback environment (e.g., room size), etc. After detecting the second audio signal, the control device 300 may, in some examples, send data indicating the second audio signal to a computing device. The computing device may be a server that determines, based on the data indicating the second audio signal, an audio processing algorithm for use by the playback device 200 in the playback environment, which may be transmitted back to the playback device 200.

The audio processing algorithm determined for the playback device 200 in a given calibration is based on several inputs. First, each calibration of the playback device 200 may generally aim to calibrate the playback device 200 according to a target frequency response curve. The target frequency response curve may correspond to a frequency response that is considered a good-sounding, or pleasing to a typical listener. The target frequency response curve may vary based on the model of playback device 200 (e.g., size), the orientation of the playback device 200 (e.g., vertical or horizontal), or other configurations states of the playback device 200 (e.g., bonded with another playback device). The computing device may store target frequency response curves in a database for each potential configuration, or they may be stored on the playback device 200, the controller device 300, or more than one of the above.

Further, the microphone that detects the first audio signal, whether it is the microphone 310 on the control device, the microphone 220 on the playback device 200, or a microphone on another playback device, has its own audio characteristics. For example, the response of microphone 310 may depend on the type and model of control device 300 used. The microphone response curve may also be stored in the database on the computing device, or elsewhere. With this information, the second audio signal that is detected by the microphone 310 may be normalized considering the known audio characteristics of the microphone 310. Other known adjustments to the second audio signal may also be applied. For instance, in some cases, the control device 300 may be configured to detect the presence of a protective case, and may obtain from the computing device information regarding the effects of the case on the microphone's audio characteristics. Again, this information may be stored in the database on the computing device. Other possibilities also exist.

Additionally, the second audio signal detected by the microphone 310 will reflect a frequency response corresponding to the playback environment where the playback device is located. Unlike the configuration of the playback device 200, the target frequency response curve, microphone response curve, and other device-based inputs, which may be generally known, the frequency response of the playback environment may represent an unknown variable in each calibration. For instance, the frequency response of the playback environment may be based on the size of a given room, its construction materials, the furnishings of the room and their location with in the room, among other factors. Consequently, it may be determined empirically during the calibration using the microphone 310.

Based on at least some of the calibration inputs discussed above, the computing device may determine an audio processing algorithm that, when transmitted to and applied by the playback device 200 in the playback environment, will cause audio playback by the playback device 200 to approach or meet the target frequency response curve. More or fewer calibration inputs than those described above may be used. However, to obtain a playback device calibration that is specific to the playback environment, some calibration procedures may require a minimum amount of recorded spectral data from the playback environment for the computing device to determine an accurate response curve for the playback environment. For instance, some calibrations may require 45 seconds of recorded playback of the test tone, which may proceed through a designated series of spectral sweeps. Further, the calibration may require recorded spectral data from multiple locations in the playback environment, necessitating movement of the microphone about the environment by a user, for instance.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example playback environment 600 including a control device 602, a playback device 604, and a playback device 606. The control device 602, which may be coordinating and/or performing at least a portion of the calibration, may be similar to the control device 300 of FIG. 3. The playback devices 604 and 606 may both be similar to the playback device 200 of FIG. 2, and one or both may be calibrated according to the examples discussed herein. FIG. 6 also illustrates an example path 608 from a first location (a) to a second location (b) within the playback environment 600, which may represent the movement of the control device 602 during a calibration, as discussed above.

FIG. 6 also shows a computing device 610, which may collect, store, and transmit the calibration information described herein. The computing device 610 may be a server in communication with a media playback system that includes the playback devices 604 and 606. The computing device 610 may also be in communication, either directly or indirectly, with the control device 602. While the discussions below may refer to the playback environment 600 of FIG. 6, it should be appreciated that the playback environment 600 is only one example of a playback environment within which a playback device may be calibrated. Other examples are also possible.

The computing device 610 may receive and store in the database additional information relating to each calibration event. The information may be transmitted by each of the playback devices that is calibrated, whether in playback environment 600 or elsewhere. Additionally or alternatively, the information may be transmitted by a control device involved in the calibration. For instance, a given playback device and/or control device may transmit information regarding the date and time of a given calibration, an identification of the playback device including the make, model, and serial number, which may further indicate the “age” of the playback device (since it was manufactured), the zone configuration of the playback device, such as a grouping or pairing state, the software version of the playback device, the hardware and software version of a given control device. Numerous other examples are also possible.

In addition, the computing device 610 may receive and store results from each calibration in the database. For example, the computing device may store the determined response curve for each playback environment in which a playback device is calibrated, including more specific information such as the approximate room size or the proximity of an obstructive object to the playback device, which may be detected by the microphone. Further, the computing device 601 may receive and store the audio processing algorithm that is implemented by each playback device as a result of each calibration. For instance, the computing device 601 may receive and store the specific filter coefficients that are applied by each playback device. As another example, the computing device 601 may receive and store a difference metric for each calibration, which may include an indication of how significantly the sound calibration of the playback device changed as a result of the calibration. The computing device 610 may also receive and store information regarding failed calibration attempts, including the reason for the failure, if known. Other examples are also possible.

In some embodiments, the computing device 610 may be a server that is maintained and operated by the company that sells the playback devices being calibrated, such as SONOS, Inc. Alternatively, a third party may maintain and operate the server on behalf of the playback device company. In other examples, a company may employ the methods described herein across multiple different types of speaker systems, which may include playback devices that are made and sold by various different companies. For example, the server might be operated by an audio content provider, or audio content curating service, among other possibilities.

The calibration information discussed above may be provided to the computing device 610 in a variety of ways. For example, the calibration data may be transmitted to the server directly in real time, during or immediately following each calibration that takes place. However, if there are a relatively large number of calibrations across many devices, this may create bandwidth issues at the computing device 610. Therefore, each playback device may locally store and update a calibration file containing the data discussed above. The calibration file may then be periodically requested (“pulled”) by the computing device 610, perhaps as part of a playback device diagnostic event or a software update. Alternatively, the calibration file may be transmitted (“pushed”) to the computing device 610 by the playback device as part of a diagnostic event or a software update. The calibration file might also be transmitted in response to a manual commend, such as a user input. Other examples are also possible.

In addition to receiving and storing the calibration data, the computing device 610, may also receive and store information from each playback device that is not necessarily related to an individual calibration event. For example, the computing device 610 may receive and store playback device characteristics such as user account(s) data associated with the playback device (e.g., geography, age, gender, etc.), playback history of the playback device and associated data (e.g., listening duration, audio quality, genres, favorites, media sources, etc.) and any manual settings present on the playback device at the time of calibration, such as a manually adjusted equalization (EQ). Other possibilities also exist.

Further, the computing device 610 may receive and store data that may indicate a level of listener satisfaction with each calibration. For instance, if two calibrations for the same device occur in relatively close proximity to each other, with few other variables changing, it may indicate that the listener was dissatisfied with the first calibration. As another example, the computing device may receive an indication that the audio response of the playback device has been manually adjusted following a calibration, which may again indicate that the calibration did not meet the listener's expectations.

On the other hand, the computing device 610 may receive data indicating an increase playback activity following a calibration. This may indicate increased listener satisfaction with the calibration. Further, if the computing device 610 does not receive any recalibration data, nor any data indicating a manual EQ change, it may imply that the user was satisfied. As another example, a survey inquiring whether the listener was satisfied with the calibration, or noticed an improvement, may be provided via an interface of the control device 602. Other measures for determining listener satisfaction with a given calibration also exist.

Finally, although the examples described herein may primarily involve the computing device 601 acting as a centralized server receiving and storing calibration information from numerous playback devices across numerous playback environments, it should be understood that the collection, storage, and transmission of calibration information discussed in all of the examples herein may be carried out within a single playback system, by one or more of the playback devices and controllers of the individual system, either temporarily or for an extended period of time. For example, calibration data may be aggregated for all playback device calibrations within a single playback system, and may be stored among one or more of the playback devices or other devices within the playback system. The aggregated calibration data may then be analyzed or transmitted to another computing device in communication with multiple playback systems. Other examples are also possible.

Additionally, the transmission of data and information noted throughout the examples herein are generally discussed as transmissions between the computing device 701 and one or more playback devices or control devices. It should be understood that transmissions may also involve one or more other, intermediate playback devices and/or control devices which may relay the data and information from one device to another.

a. Updating Playback Device Configuration Information Based on Calibration Data

As noted above, examples discussed herein involve updating playback device configuration information based on data collected from playback device calibrations that have been performed. The updated configuration information may result in improved calibrations and sound quality in a given playback device, or perhaps across many playback devices. Other benefits are also possible.

Methods 500 and 800 shown in FIGS. 5 and 8 present embodiments of methods that can be implemented within an operating environment involving, for example, the media playback system 100 of FIG. 1, one or more of the playback device 200 of FIG. 2, and one or more of the control device 300 of FIG. 3. Methods 500 and 800 may include one or more operations, functions, or actions as illustrated by one or more of blocks 502-510 and 802-810. Although the blocks are illustrated in sequential order, these blocks may also be performed in parallel, and/or in a different order than those described herein. Also, the various blocks may be combined into fewer blocks, divided into additional blocks, and/or removed based upon the desired implementation.

In addition, for the methods 500, 800, and other processes and methods disclosed herein, the flowchart shows functionality and operation of one possible implementation of present embodiments. In this regard, each block may represent a module, a segment, or a portion of program code, which includes one or more instructions executable by a processor for implementing specific logical functions or steps in the process. The program code may be stored on any type of computer readable medium, for example, such as a storage device including a disk or hard drive. The computer readable medium may include non-transitory computer readable medium, for example, such as computer-readable media that stores data for short periods of time like register memory, processor cache and Random Access Memory (RAM). The computer readable medium may also include non-transitory media, such as secondary or persistent long term storage, like read only memory (ROM), optical or magnetic disks, compact-disc read only memory (CD-ROM), for example. The computer readable media may also be any other volatile or non-volatile storage systems. The computer readable medium may be considered a computer readable storage medium, for example, or a tangible storage device. In addition, for the methods 500, 900 and other processes and methods disclosed herein, each block in FIGS. 5 and 8 may represent circuitry that is wired to perform the specific logical functions in the process.

At block 502 of the method 500, a computing device may transmit playback device configuration information to a given playback device. The computing device may be, for instance, the computing device 610 and the given playback device may be the playback device 604 shown in FIG. 6. The configuration information transmitted from the computing device 610 to the playback device 604 may be any of the information discussed above. For instance, the computing device may transmit configuration information related to calibration, such as a target frequency response curve for the given playback device 604, a microphone response curve that may be associated with the control device 602, or an audio processing algorithm to be used by the given playback device 604, among other possibilities. In some cases, the configuration information might not be directly related to calibration, such as a general software configuration, or a list of media sources. Other examples are also possible.

At block 504, the computing device 610 may receive calibration data corresponding to each playback device of a plurality of playback devices. In particular, the computing device 610 may receive calibration data that corresponds to a respective calibration event associated with each respective playback device in the plurality of playback devices. In some cases, the plurality of playback devices from which the computing device 610 receives calibration data may include the given playback device 604. Further, the plurality of playback devices from which calibration data is received may include not only those playback devices 604 and 606 located in the playback environment 600, but in other playback environments as well. In some cases, the calibration data may be received from hundreds of thousands, perhaps even millions of playback devices located in playback environments around the world.

Along these lines, FIG. 7 shows another example of a computing device 701 according to some of the examples discussed herein, which may be analogous to the computing device 610 for purposes of these examples. In FIG. 7, the computing device 701 is shown in communication with a given playback device 702, which is to be calibrated in a given playback environment 703. The particular playback device 702 may be similar to the playback device 200 shown in FIG. 2, as well as the playback devices 604 and 606 shown in FIG. 6. FIG. 7 also shows a plurality of playback devices 704 a, 704 b, and 704 c, located respectively within different playback environments 705 a, 705 b, and 705 c. Each of these playback devices may also be similar to the playback device 200 shown in FIG. 2. Moreover, the plurality of playback devices shown in FIG. 7 may represent far more playback devices than the three depicted, as noted above.

The calibration data received by the computing device 701 may include any of the data discussed above that may be transmitted in association with a particular calibration event of a playback device, such as the date and time of the calibration, the make and model number of the calibrated playback device, the target frequency response curve used in the calibration, among other things. The computing device 701 may receive and store the calibration data over time, as more playback devices are calibrated and recalibrated.

In some cases, the computing device 701 may transmit a request for at least a portion of the calibration data from the plurality of playback devices. The computing device 701 may request only a portion of the total calibration data in order to minimize the required data transfer, which may be substantial over a large number of calibrated playback devices. For example, the computing device may request only the determined frequency response curves for the respective playback environment involved in each calibration, in order to analyze that specific aspect of the calibration data.

The computing device 701 may transmit the request for the calibration data to each playback device directly, or it may transmit requests at the media playback system level. Each media playback system, such as the media playback system shown in FIG. 1, may then route the request to each playback device therein, via one or more coordinating playback devices or control devices, among other possibilities. Accordingly, the calibration data received by the computing device 701 may be in response to a transmitted request for calibration data. In other examples, the computing device 701 may receive the calibration data from a transmission that is initiated from a given playback device in the plurality of playback devices. Other examples, including combinations of those noted herein, are also possible.

At block 506, the computing device 701 may receive playback device characteristic data indicating at least one playback device characteristic for each playback device of the plurality of playback devices. For example, a given playback device characteristic may include a manually adjusted equalization (EQ) setting of the playback device, which may be adjusted by a user. Other playback device characteristics might include the geographic location of the playback device, playback history of the device, details regarding a user profile associated with the device (e.g., age, gender, etc.), among other possibilities.

In some cases, the computing device 701 may receive the both playback device characteristic data and calibration data for a given playback device at the same time, for example, within the same data transfer. Alternatively or additionally, the computing device 701 may receive two separately, in response to requests by the computing device 701, transmissions initiated by a given playback device, or any combination these. For example, playback device characteristic data relating to geography and user demographic data might be transmitted from the plurality of playback devices less frequently than calibration data, as it may be less subject to change over time. As another example, playback characteristic data regarding manually adjusted EQ settings might be received more frequently. For instance, this data may be requested by the computing device both before and after each calibration event, for reasons discussed below. Other examples are also possible.

After receiving the data discussed above from the plurality of playback devices, the computing device 701 may analyze the received calibration data in conjunction with the received playback device characteristic data to determine what correlations may exist within the data. Based on this information, the computing device 701 may take actions to improve future calibrations or otherwise improve the overall listening experience among the plurality of playback devices.

Accordingly, at block 508, based on at least the received calibration data and the received playback device characteristic data, the computing device 701 may determine updated playback device configuration information. For instance, the computing device 701 may determine that, among a plurality of PLAY: 3 model playback devices that used the same target frequency response for the calibration events recorded in the data set, a significant number of those playback devices were subject to a manual EQ adjustment following the calibration.

In some embodiments, the computing device 701 may average all of these manual EQ adjustments and use the determined average as the updated target frequency response for all PLAY: 3 model playback devices. Alternatively, the computing device 701 might analyze the EQ adjustments more specifically. For example, the computing device 701 may determine that among the manual EQ adjustments, a significant number increased the bass response by a certain amount. Based on this information, the computing device may update the target frequency response corresponding to the PLAY: 3 model of playback device to incorporate the increased bass response.

At block 510, the computing device 701 may transmit data indicating the updated playback device configuration information to the given playback device. For example, the given playback device 702 shown in FIG. 7 may be a PLAY: 3 model playback device, and therefore it may receive the updated target frequency response from the computing device 701 and store it in memory for use in future calibrations. Further, the computing device 701 may transmit the playback device configuration information to each playback device in the plurality of PLAY: 3 model playback devices.

It is noteworthy that, in some cases, the basis for updating the playback device configuration information might not be apparent if the calibration data and playback device characteristic data of the given playback device 702 are considered in isolation. For instance, with reference to the example above, the given playback device 702 may be a PLAY: 3 model, but it might not have been manually adjusted to increase the bass response following its calibration event(s) recorded in the data set. Nonetheless, the given playback device 702 may be updated based on the data received by the computing device 701 regarding similar or identical playback devices. In this way, a crowd-sourced component for improved playback quality may be implemented, whereby users who do not want to take the time to adjust manual EQ settings, or who might not appreciate how such adjustments may improve in a playback device's frequency response, may benefit from other users who do.

In some cases, the computing device 701 may transmit updated configuration information to the given playback device 702 that may be applied immediately, without any additional calibration. For instance, the computing device 701 may determine an updated target frequency response for the given playback device 702, as noted above. Moreover, because the computing device 701 may have already received calibration data from the given playback device 702 for one or more previous calibrations, the computing device 701 may already have stored in a database the frequency response for the given playback environment 703, the zone configuration and grouping of the given playback device 702, among other calibration data.

Consequently, the computing device 701 may have the information necessary to identify an audio processing algorithm for the given playback device 702 based on the updated target frequency response, without the need for further calibration. Thus, the updated configuration information that is transmitted to the given playback device 702 may include the identified audio processing algorithm. This audio processing algorithm may be applied by the given playback device 702 automatically. In some cases, an indication might be provided to a user that a calibration improvement has been applied. The indication might be provided, for example, via an interface of a control device associated with the given playback device 702.

Alternatively, a user might be given an option to implement the updated configuration information. For instance, a user might be prompted via a control device with a message indicating that “Some other users prefer a higher bass than your current calibration—would you like to increase the bass?” The user may then select whether or not to do so.

As another example, the computing device 701 may determine the updated playback device configuration information based on a particular playback device characteristic. For example, the computing device 701 may determine further data that is correlated with the users who manually increased the bass response following a calibration, so as to define a plurality of playback devices that is more specific than just all PLAY: 3 model playback devices.

For instance, the computing device 701 may determine that the behavior discussed above of increasing the bass response is strongly correlated with playback devices having an associated user profile indicating a user age under 30 years old. Thus, the computing device 701 may transmit the updated playback device configuration information to the given playback device 702 based on the given playback device 702 having that particular playback device characteristic—an associated user profile indicating a user age under 30 years old.

In some embodiments, given the volume of calibrations that may be available for analysis by the computing device 701, it may be possible to test one or more target frequency response curves among the plurality of playback devices. For example, A/B testing may be performed to obtain feedback regarding potential target frequency response curves. Accordingly, the computing device 701 may split the plurality of playback devices into two populations and then apply a first target frequency response curve to the playback devices in population A, and a second target frequency response curve to the playback devices in population B.

Feedback from this type of testing may be obtained in a variety of ways. As one example, the plurality of playback devices in each population be monitored such that, after a calibration event of a given playback device according to one of the “test” target frequency response curves, any subsequent manual adjustments to the EQ settings of the given playback device are recorded and analyzed. This type of passive, or “blind” testing between two populations may implicitly indicate that users preferred one response curve over the other, if users made substantially fewer subsequent EQ adjustments in population A, for example. Additionally or alternatively, this testing may provide implicit data suggesting how the target frequency response curves might be improved. For instance, if post-calibration adjustments to the playback devices in population B consistently indicate a user desire to decrease the bass response, it may indicate that the target frequency response curve used in population B has a bass response that is too high.

Further, it may be possible to control for some variables in the testing of target frequency response curves, such as differences between playback devices (e.g., different models, configurations, etc.) or differences in location (e.g., different playback environments). For instance, the computing device 701 may have access to the calibration data, including audio characteristic data, for each of these factors and more, as discussed above. Therefore, it may be able to normalize some of the feedback that is received regarding manual EQ adjustments.

Additionally, the blind A/B testing discussed above may also be used to draw inferences about how a particular target frequency response curve influences other user behaviors, in addition to manual EQ adjustments. For example, the computing device 701 may collect data regarding a change in content preferences following a calibration to the particular target frequency response curve. This information might be used to provide suggestions to other uses who may have indicated satisfaction with the particular target frequency response curve, or a similar curve. For instance, a user might be prompted with a suggestion that “Other users like this calibration for listening to jazz music.” Other changes in user behaviors or listening habits may be monitored as well such as listening frequency, duration, volume, etc. Other examples are also possible.

Feedback may also be collected from this type of testing more directly. For example, after a new calibration is applied to a given playback device based on the particular target frequency response curve to be testing, users may be asked if they like the new calibration, and/or what could be done to improve it. Users might be surveyed, for instance, via an interface of an associated control device, which may transmit the results to the computing device 701. Then, the satisfaction levels and suggested improvements between the two populations may be compared. Other possibilities also exist.

As yet another example, the computing device 701 may initiate a more straight-forward variety of A/B testing where a given user is presented with both target frequency response curves, and asked which one is preferred. For instance, a given playback device may be calibrated according to a first target frequency response curve, and may then play back a sample audio content. The given playback device may then be recalibrated according to a second target frequency response curve, and may then play back the sample audio content again. The user may be prompted to choose between the two via a control device, as discussed above.

Other types of information may be additionally or alternatively solicited from users regarding a newly implemented target frequency response curve. For instance, a user may be asked to rate how significant of a change he or she perceives the new calibration to have made. The user may be asked via a control device interface, “On a scale of 1 to 5, how big of an impact did the new calibration make?” Results from this type of inquiry across a population of tested playback devices may be used to inform users of the potential effect of a new calibration, if the particular target frequency response curve being tested is later transmitted more broadly. For example, a user might be informed that “Other users have found this new calibration to have a significant impact.” Numerous other examples are also possible.

In some embodiments, the computing device 701 may use the stored calibration data and playback device characteristic data to determine new categorizations of playback devices to which a target frequency response curve might be applied. For instance, the computing device 701 may determine that a certain manual EQ adjustment following calibration is correlated with a particular playback device characteristic. Thus, the computing device 701 may determine a target frequency response curve which incorporates the recurring manual EQ adjustment, and then apply it to playback devices having the correlated characteristic.

For instance, the data that is collected and stored by the computing device 701 may indicate that a significant number of playback devices are manually adjusted to increase the bass response following a calibration to a certain target frequency response curve. Further, the computing device 701 may also determine that this manual EQ adjustment is correlated with playback devices that have, as just one example, a playback history that indicates a strong preference for hip-hop music. Accordingly, the computing device 701 might determine updated configuration information that includes a target frequency response curve with higher bass response, and then transmit it to playback devices sharing the same characteristic of a hip-hop music preference.

Further, the computing device 701 may determine this type of categorization not only at the level of individual playback devices, but perhaps at a more specific level corresponding to different users of a the same playback device. For instance, more than one user account may be associated with a given playback device, and only one of those user accounts may exhibit the strong preference to hip-hop music noted above. Thus, the given playback device may receive the updated configuration information containing the updated target frequency response curve, but may only apply it when playing back audio content from the hip-hop-preferring user account. Other examples are also possible.

As another example, a playback device characteristic such as geography may be used in similar fashion. For instance, the data indicating a manually increased bass response may be correlated with playback devices located in a particular region of the United States, or a particular country or region of the world. Thus, the computing device 701 may determine that similar manual EQ adjustments are made by users in the southern United States, or in the country of Australia. Accordingly, the computing device 701 may assign an appropriately adjusted target frequency response curve to playback devices located that particular geography.

In some further embodiments, the computing device 701 might determine updated configuration data including a target frequency response curve for playback devices on a case-by-case basis, rather than using a broader categorization of playback devices to implement calibration changes.

For instance, the computing device 701 may determine from received data that a particular user of a given playback device has manually adjusted the EQ of the given playback device in the past to increase the bass response. In response, the computing device 701 may update the updated the playback device's target frequency response curve so as to carry forward the previously applied bass increase when the given playback device is calibrated. For example, the bass response in a particular frequency range may be increased by a certain percentage that corresponds to the previously applied manual EQ changes.

Similarly, the computing device 701 may determine from the data, as noted above, that a preference for hip-hop music is correlated with a manual bass increase of a certain amount at associated playback devices. Thus, if a given playback device to be calibrated transmits data to the computing device 701 indicating a preference for hip-hop music, the computing device 701 may adjust the target frequency response curve for the given playback device by increasing the bass response commensurate with the other similar bass increases found in the data set. Numerous other examples are also possible.

In some cases, the computing device 701 may receive data indicating that a user is performing manual EQ adjustments more often than might be considered typical, suggesting dissatisfaction with the user's listening experience. For instance, a user may adjust the manual EQ settings of a playback device more than a threshold amount, such as once a day or once a week. In response, the computing device 701 may provide a suggestion to the user, via a control device, for instance, that a calibration be initiated. During the calibration, the playback device 701 may incorporate the user's manual EQ changes into a target frequency response curve, if the adjustments reveal a consistent user preference. If issues persist, the user might be further prompted to provide feedback regarding why the calibration is not satisfactory.

Finally, although the examples described herein may primarily involve the computing device 701 acting as a centralized server receiving and storing calibration information from numerous playback devices across numerous playback environments, it should be understood that the collection, storage, and transmission of calibration information discussed in all of the examples herein may be carried out within a single playback system, by one or more of the playback devices and controllers of the individual system, either temporarily or for an extended period of time. For example, calibration data may be aggregated for all playback device calibrations within a single playback system, and may be stored among one or more of the playback devices or other devices within the playback system. The aggregated calibration data may then be analyzed or transmitted to another computing device in communication with multiple playback systems. Other examples are also possible.

Additionally, the transmission of data and information noted throughout the examples herein are generally discussed as transmissions between the computing device 701 and one or more playback devices or control devices. It should be understood that transmissions may also involve one or more other, intermediate playback devices and/or control devices which may relay the data and information from one device to another.

b. Receiving Playback Device Configuration Updates Based on Calibration Data

Similar to the above, examples that involve updating playback device configuration information based on data collected from playback device calibrations that have been performed may be discussed form the perspective of the playback device to be calibrated.

At block 802 of the method 800, a playback device may determine configuration information for the playback device. The playback device may be, for instance, the playback device 702 shown in FIG. 7, which may be similar to the playback device 200 shown in FIG. 2. The determined configuration information may include information such as a stored target frequency response curve for the given playback device 702, or an audio processing algorithm to be used by the playback device 702. Numerous other examples of configuration information for the playback device 702 are possible, as discussed above. In some cases, the configuration information may be determined by the playback device 702 as a result of the information being received by the playback device from another device, such as the computing device 701.

At block 804, the playback device 702 may transmit calibration data to the computing device 701. The calibration data may include the configuration information, as well as other data related to the calibration event of the playback device 701. For example, the calibration data may include the make and model, zone configuration, and hardware and software version of the playback device 702, among other possibilities.

In some embodiments, the playback device 702 may receive, from the computing device 701, a request for the calibration data. Additionally or alternatively, the playback device 702 may transmit the calibration data each time a calibration is performed, and/or on a periodic schedule, such as once every week or once every month. As discussed in previous examples, the calibration data may be transmitted to the computing device 701 as a calibration file in a way that allows the computing device 701 to manage what may be relatively large amounts of data.

At block 806, the playback device 702 may transmit data to the computing device 701 indicating at last one playback device characteristic for the playback device 702. The characteristic data may include data corresponding to the user accounts associated with the playback device 702, a playback history, or any manual equalization (“EQ”) adjustments that may be applied to the playback device 702, among other examples previously discussed. Further, the playback device characteristic data may be transmitted in conjunction with the calibration data, or it may be transmitted separately, as noted above.

At block 808, the playback device 702 may receive, from the computing device 701, data indicating updated configuration information. As discussed above, the updated configuration information may be determined by the computing device 701 based on calibration data received from a plurality of other playback devices, corresponding to previously performed calibrations.

The updated configuration information may include, for instance, an updated target frequency response curve to be used in a calibration of the playback device 702. Additionally or alternatively, the updated configuration information may include an updated audio processing algorithm, which may be applied by the playback device 702 without the need for further calibration. Other examples are also possible.

Further, the updated configuration information may be based, in part, on a particular playback device characteristic of the playback device 702 that was transmitted to the computing device 701. For example, the playback device 702 may transmit data to the computing device 702 indicating that the playback device 702 has been previously adjusted to manually increase the bass response, or has a playback history indicating a preference for hip-hop music, or both. Thus, the updated configuration information received from the computing device 701 may include an updated target frequency response curve that includes a higher bass response based on one or both of these characteristics. Other possibilities exist, as mentioned in previous examples.

At block 810, the playback device 702 may apply the updated configuration information when playing back audio content. For instance, the playback device 701 may apply an updated target frequency response curve in a subsequent calibration, resulting in a new calibration that may be applied for the play back of audio content. Other examples are also possible.

Finally, as noted throughout, it should be understood that the collection, storage, and transmission of calibration information discussed in all of the examples herein may be carried out within a single playback system, by one or more of the playback devices and controllers of the individual system, either temporarily or for an extended period of time. For example, calibration data may be aggregated for all playback device calibrations within a single playback system, and may be stored among one or more of the playback devices or other devices within the playback system. The aggregated calibration data may then be analyzed or transmitted to another computing device in communication with multiple playback systems. Other examples are also possible.

Additionally, the transmission of data and information noted throughout the examples herein are generally discussed as transmissions between the playback device 702 and the computing device 701. It should be understood that transmissions may also involve one or more other, intermediate playback devices and/or control devices, such as the control device 300, which may relay the data and information from one device to another.

IV. Conclusion

The description above discloses, among other things, various example systems, methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture including, among other components, firmware and/or software executed on hardware. It is understood that such examples are merely illustrative and should not be considered as limiting. For example, it is contemplated that any or all of the firmware, hardware, and/or software aspects or components can be embodied exclusively in hardware, exclusively in software, exclusively in firmware, or in any combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware. Accordingly, the examples provided are not the only way(s) to implement such systems, methods, apparatus, and/or articles of manufacture.

As indicated above, the examples involve updating playback device configuration information based on data collected from playback device calibrations that have been performed. In one aspect, a computing device is provided. The device includes a processor, a non-transitory computer readable medium, and program instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium that, when executed by the processor, cause the computing device to perform functions. The functions include transmitting playback device configuration information to a given playback device and receiving calibration data corresponding to each playback device of a plurality of playback devices. The functions also include receiving playback device characteristic data indicating at least one playback device characteristic for each playback device of the plurality of playback devices. The functions also include, based on at least the received calibration data and the received playback device characteristic data, determining updated playback device configuration information; and transmitting data indicating the updated playback device configuration information to the given playback device.

In another aspect, a method is provided. The method involves transmitting, by at least one computing device, playback device configuration information to a given playback device and receiving, by the at least one computing device, calibration data corresponding to each playback device of a plurality of playback devices. The method also involves receiving, by the at least one computing device, playback device characteristic data indicating at least one playback device characteristic for each playback device of the plurality of playback devices. The method also involves, based on at least the received calibration data and the received playback device characteristic data, determining updated playback device configuration information. The method also involves transmitting data indicating the updated playback device configuration information to the given playback device.

In yet another aspect, a playback device is provided. The device includes a processor, a microphone, a non-transitory computer readable medium, and program instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium that, when executed by the processor, cause the playback device to perform functions. The functions include determining configuration information for the playback device and transmitting calibration data to a computing device, where the calibration data comprises data indicating the configuration information. The functions also include transmitting data to the computing device indicating at least one playback device characteristic for the playback device. The functions also include receiving, from the computing device, data indicating updated configuration information and applying the updated configuration information when playing back audio content.

Additionally, references herein to “embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one example embodiment of an invention. The appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. As such, the embodiments described herein, explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art, can be combined with other embodiments.

The specification is presented largely in terms of illustrative environments, systems, procedures, steps, logic blocks, processing, and other symbolic representations that directly or indirectly resemble the operations of data processing devices coupled to networks. These process descriptions and representations are typically used by those skilled in the art to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. Numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it is understood to those skilled in the art that certain embodiments of the present disclosure can be practiced without certain, specific details. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components, and circuitry have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the embodiments. Accordingly, the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims rather than the forgoing description of embodiments.

When any of the appended claims are read to cover a purely software and/or firmware implementation, at least one of the elements in at least one example is hereby expressly defined to include a tangible, non-transitory medium such as a memory, DVD, CD, Blu-ray, and so on, storing the software and/or firmware. 

1. A system comprising: one or more network interfaces; at least one processor; and data storage including instructions that are executable by the at least one processor such that the system is configured to: transmit, via the one or more network interfaces to a plurality of first playback devices, instructions to apply first configuration information comprising a first target curve, wherein the first playback devices calibrate to the first target curve; transmit, via the one or more network interfaces to a plurality of second playback devices, instructions to apply a second configuration information comprising a second target curve, wherein the second playback devices calibrate to the second target curve; monitor for (i) first feedback data on the first target curve from the plurality of first playback devices and (ii) second feedback data on the second target curve from the plurality of second playback devices; receive, via the one or more network interfaces from multiple first playback devices that are calibrated to the first target curve; first feedback data on the first target curve; receive, via the one or more network interfaces from multiple second playback devices that are calibrated to the second target curve; second feedback data on the second target curve, wherein the second feedback data indicates a greater preference for the second target curve than the first feedback data indicates for the first target curve; and transmit, via the one or more network interfaces to a plurality of third playback devices, instructions to apply third configuration information comprising the second target curve, wherein the third playback devices calibrate to the second target curve.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions that are executable by the at least one processor such that the system is configured to monitor for (i) first feedback data on the first target curve from the plurality of first playback devices and (ii) second feedback data on the second target curve from the plurality of second playback devices comprise instructions that are executable by the at least one processor such that the system is configured to: transmit, via the one or more network interfaces to the multiple first playback devices, respective requests for data indicating whether respective equalizations on the multiple first playback devices were modified after applying the first configuration information; and transmit, via the one or more network interfaces to the multiple second playback devices, respective requests for data indicating whether respective equalizations on the multiple second playback devices were modified after applying the second configuration information.
 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the instructions are executable by the at least one processor such that the system is further configured to: determine that the second feedback data indicates a pattern of adjustment to bass frequencies when the multiple second playback devices are calibrated to the second target curve; and before transmission of the instructions to apply the third configuration information, modify bass frequencies of the second target curve according to the pattern of adjustment.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions that are executable by the at least one processor such that the system is configured to monitor for (i) first feedback data on the first target curve from the plurality of first playback devices and (ii) second feedback data on the second target curve from the plurality of second playback devices comprise instructions that are executable by the at least one processor such that the system is configured to: transmit, via the one or more network interfaces to multiple first control interfaces on respective first control devices, respective requests for first user poll data indicating user satisfaction with the first target curve; and transmit, via the one or more network interfaces to multiple second control interfaces on respective second control devices, respective requests for second user poll data indicating user satisfaction with the second target curve.
 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the instructions are executable by the at least one processor such that the system is further configured to: cause, via the one or more network interfaces, the multiple first control interfaces on the respective first control devices to display first controls selectable to input the first user poll data; and cause, via the one or more network interfaces, the multiple second control interfaces on the respective second control devices to display second controls selectable to input the second user poll data.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions are executable by the at least one processor such that the system is further configured to: determine that the second feedback data indicates a greater preference for the second target curve than the first feedback data indicates for the first target curve based on the first feedback data and the second feedback data.
 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of first playback devices are located in a particular geographic area, wherein the plurality of second playback devices are located in the particular geographic area, and wherein the instructions that are executable by the at least one processor such that the system is configured to transmit the instructions to apply the third configuration information comprising the second target curve comprise instructions that are executable by the at least one processor such that the system is configured to: identify the plurality of third playback devices as being within the particular geographic area from among a plurality of playback devices registered in multiple geographic areas; and transmit, via the one or more network interfaces to the identified plurality of third playback devices, the instructions to apply the third configuration information.
 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of first playback devices are registered to respective first user accounts associated with a preference for a particular genre of music, wherein the plurality of second playback devices are registered to respective second user accounts associated with the preference for the particular genre of music and wherein the instructions that are executable by the at least one processor such that the system is configured to transmit the instructions to apply the third configuration information comprising the second target curve comprise instructions that are executable by the at least one processor such that the system is configured to: identify the plurality of third playback devices as being associated with the preference for the particular genre of music; and transmit, via the one or more network interfaces to the identified plurality of third playback devices, the instructions to apply the third configuration information.
 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions are executable by the at least one processor such that the system is further configured to: transmit, via the one or more network interfaces to the plurality of first playback devices, instructions to cause the plurality of first playback devices to re-calibrate to the first target curve; and transmit, via the one or more network interfaces to the plurality of second playback devices, instructions to cause the plurality of second playback devices to re-calibrate to the second target curve.
 10. A method to be performed by a computing system, the method comprising: transmitting, via one or more network interfaces to a plurality of first playback devices, instructions to apply first configuration information comprising a first target curve, wherein the first playback devices calibrate to the first target curve; transmitting, via the one or more network interfaces to a plurality of second playback devices, instructions to apply a second configuration information comprising a second target curve, wherein the second playback devices calibrate to the second target curve; monitoring for (i) first feedback data on the first target curve from the plurality of first playback devices and (ii) second feedback data on the second target curve from the plurality of second playback devices; receiving, via the one or more network interfaces from multiple first playback devices that are calibrated to the first target curve; first feedback data on the first target curve; receiving, via the one or more network interfaces from multiple second playback devices that are calibrated to the second target curve; second feedback data on the second target curve, wherein the second feedback data indicates a greater preference for the second target curve than the first feedback data indicates for the first target curve; and transmitting, via the one or more network interfaces to a plurality of third playback devices, instructions to apply third configuration information comprising the second target curve, wherein the third playback devices calibrate to the second target curve.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein monitoring for (i) first feedback data on the first target curve from the plurality of first playback devices and (ii) second feedback data on the second target curve from the plurality of second playback devices comprises: transmitting, via the one or more network interfaces to the multiple first playback devices, respective requests for data indicating whether respective equalizations on the multiple first playback devices were modified after applying the first configuration information; and transmitting, via the one or more network interfaces to the multiple second playback devices, respective requests for data indicating whether respective equalizations on the multiple second playback devices were modified after applying the second configuration information.
 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising: determining that the second feedback data indicates a pattern of adjustment to bass frequencies when the multiple second playback devices are calibrated to the second target curve; and before transmitting the instructions to apply the third configuration information, modifying bass frequencies of the second target curve according to the pattern of adjustment.
 13. The method of claim 10, wherein monitoring for (i) first feedback data on the first target curve from the plurality of first playback devices and (ii) second feedback data on the second target curve from the plurality of second playback devices comprises: transmitting, via the one or more network interfaces to multiple first control interfaces on respective first control devices, respective requests for first user poll data indicating user satisfaction with the first target curve; and transmitting, via the one or more network interfaces to multiple second control interfaces on respective second control devices, respective requests for second user poll data indicating user satisfaction with the second target curve.
 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising: causing, via the one or more network interfaces, the multiple first control interfaces on the respective first control devices to display first controls selectable to input the first user poll data; and causing, via the one or more network interfaces, the multiple second control interfaces on the respective second control devices to display second controls selectable to input the second user poll data.
 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising: determining that the second feedback data indicates a greater preference for the second target curve than the first feedback data indicates for the first target curve based on the first feedback data and the second feedback data.
 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the plurality of first playback devices are located in a particular geographic area, wherein the plurality of second playback devices are located in the particular geographic area, and wherein transmitting the instructions to apply the third configuration information comprising the second target curve comprises: identifying the plurality of third playback devices as being within the particular geographic area from among a plurality of playback devices registered in multiple geographic areas; and transmitting, via the one or more network interfaces to the identified plurality of third playback devices, the instructions to apply the third configuration information.
 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the plurality of first playback devices are registered to respective first user accounts associated with a preference for a particular genre of music, wherein the plurality of second playback devices are registered to respective second user accounts associated with the preference for the particular genre of music and wherein transmitting the instructions to apply the third configuration information comprising the second target curve comprises: identifying the plurality of third playback devices as being associated with the preference for the particular genre of music; and transmitting, via the one or more network interfaces to the identified plurality of third playback devices, the instructions to apply the third configuration information.
 18. The method of claim 10, further comprising: transmitting, via the one or more network interfaces to the plurality of first playback devices, instructions to cause the plurality of first playback devices to re-calibrate to the first target curve; and transmitting, via the one or more network interfaces to the plurality of second playback devices, instructions to cause the plurality of second playback devices to re-calibrate to the second target curve.
 19. A tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that are executable by at least one processor such that a computing system is configured to: transmit, via one or more network interfaces to a plurality of first playback devices, instructions to apply first configuration information comprising a first target curve, wherein the first playback devices calibrate to the first target curve; transmit, via the one or more network interfaces to a plurality of second playback devices, instructions to apply a second configuration information comprising a second target curve, wherein the second playback devices calibrate to the second target curve; monitor for (i) first feedback data on the first target curve from the plurality of first playback devices and (ii) second feedback data on the second target curve from the plurality of second playback devices; receive, via the one or more network interfaces from multiple first playback devices that are calibrated to the first target curve; first feedback data on the first target curve; receive, via the one or more network interfaces from multiple second playback devices that are calibrated to the second target curve; second feedback data on the second target curve, wherein the second feedback data indicates a greater preference for the second target curve than the first feedback data indicates for the first target curve; and transmit, via the one or more network interfaces to a plurality of third playback devices, instructions to apply third configuration information comprising the second target curve, wherein the third playback devices calibrate to the second target curve.
 20. The tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the instructions are executable by the at least one processor such that the computing system is further configured to: determine that the second feedback data indicates a greater preference for the second target curve than the first feedback data indicates for the first target curve based on the first feedback data and the second feedback data. 